2a. Bonding and Structure
8 lessons · The three types of chemical bond and the structures they create.
01Ions
02Ionic Bonding
This video explains how and why metals and non-metals bond together to form ionic compounds. You'll see the electron transfer that creates ions, how to draw dot-and-cross diagrams, and why the giant ionic lattice gives these compounds their characteristic high melting points and conductivity behaviour. Perfect if you want to understand ionic bonding from first principles before moving on to writing formulae.
03Ionic Compounds
04Covalent Bonding
05Simple Molecular Substances
06Larger Covalent Substances
07Allotropes of Carbon
08Metallic Bonding
This video uses the sea of delocalised electrons model to explain why metals conduct electricity and heat, why they are malleable and ductile, and why they have the characteristic metallic shine. Each property is explained directly in terms of the structure of the metallic lattice, giving you a single model you can apply to any metals question.
2b. Types of Matter
4 lessons · States of matter, changes of state, and the world of the very small.
01States of Matter
Would a single gold atom look golden? This video uses that question to draw the line between bulk properties and atomic properties — and then builds a practical method for determining the state of any substance at any temperature from its melting and boiling point data. By the end you'll be able to answer any state-prediction question the examiner sets.
02Changing State
Why does oxygen boil at −196°C while diamond needs over 3,500°C to melt? This video gives you the answer — three types of interparticle force, each linked to a predictable melting and boiling point range. You'll see how to write a full exam answer explaining any melting or boiling point in terms of structure and bonding, and how to classify an unknown substance from its thermal data alone.
03Nanoparticles
04